between the Mediterranean and the oceanic one, given that the winters are mild but with cold periods, and the summers are warm but quite rainy and not very sunny.
The city is located in eastern Turkey, on the eastern coast of the Black Sea. Immediately to the south there are hills, so much so that the highest districts of the city are located at around 400 meters (1,300 feet) and have a cooler and more humid climate. We are in fact at the foot of the Pontic Mountains, which 40 km (25 mi) to the south reach around 2,500 metres (8,200 ft).
can come down from the mountains, which can bring the temperature up to 25 °C (77 °F) in winter and 35 °C (95 °F) in June and September, perhaps only for a day, while in July and August it generally does not blow.
, during which the wind from the north, from Russia, is loaded with humidity as it passes over the Black Sea, and in which the temperature remains around freezing, and
or rain mixed with snow may fall. Snowfall can be heavy at times, especially in hilly neighborhoods. Every now and then, like in 1997 and 2004, it can snow even in April.
Given the influence of the sea, the temperature on the coast does not drop much at night, however, in January 1964 it dropped to -6 °C (21 °F), and in February 1985 to -5 °C (23 °F).
is definitely less hot than on the southern coast of Turkey, but it is also a little less hot than in Istanbul and the western part of the Black Sea coast. Furthermore, the sun does not shine very often, and rains and thunderstorms are quite frequent, although they are generally not abundant. June is the sunniest month, but it is still a bit cool, and the sea is also cool.
The north-eastern coast of Turkey is also quite protected from heat waves, and although there can be some
, the temperature rarely reaches 30 °C (86 °F). The only exception is the days when the wind blows from the mountains, which however are very rare, and as we said, generally do not occur in July and August.
. Here are the average temperatures.
January is generally a quite mild month. The average temperature is of
8.2 °C, with a minimum of
5 °C and a maximum of
11.3 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
0 °C. However, it dropped to
-3.2 °C in January 2010.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
20 °C. However, it reached
24 °C in January 2005.
Precipitation amounts to
90 mm, distributed over 11 days.
The day lasts on average 9 hours and 35 minutes.
There are on average 2.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 25% of the time.
The average humidity is 68%.
The average wind speed is of
9.6 kph.
The average sea temperature is of
9.8 °C. Therefore, the sea is very cold for swimming.
February, the coldest month of the year, is generally a quite mild month. The average temperature is of
8 °C, with a minimum of
4.6 °C and a maximum of
11.4 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-0.5 °C. However, it dropped to
-4.4 °C in February 2020.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
21.5 °C. However, it reached
27.2 °C in February 2004.
Precipitation amounts to
65 mm, distributed over 10 days.
The day lasts on average 10 hours and 40 minutes.
There are on average 3 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 29% of the time.
The average humidity is 70%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
9.9 kph.
The average sea temperature is of
8.5 °C. Therefore, the sea is very cold for swimming.
March is generally a mild month. The average temperature is of
9.6 °C, with a minimum of
6.2 °C and a maximum of
13 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
0.5 °C. However, it dropped to
-3.4 °C in March 1998.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
25.5 °C. However, it reached
33.1 °C in March 2001.
Precipitation amounts to
70 mm, distributed over 11 days.
The day lasts on average 12 hours and 0 minutes.
There are on average 3 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 27% of the time.
The average humidity is 73%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
9.6 kph.
The average sea temperature is of
8.6 °C. Therefore, the sea is very cold for swimming.
April is generally a mild month. The average temperature is of
12.6 °C, with a minimum of
9 °C and a maximum of
16.3 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
4 °C. However, it dropped to
-2 °C in April 2004.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
26.5 °C. However, it reached
35.1 °C in April 2008.
Precipitation amounts to
65 mm, distributed over 11 days.
The day lasts on average 13 hours and 25 minutes.
There are on average 4.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 32% of the time.
The average humidity is 77%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
8.6 kph.
The average sea temperature is of
10.9 °C. Therefore, the sea is very cold for swimming.
May is generally a very mild month. The average temperature is of
16.7 °C, with a minimum of
13.4 °C and a maximum of
20 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
8.5 °C. However, it dropped to
7.2 °C in May 1992.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
28 °C. However, it reached
34.4 °C in May 2005.
Precipitation amounts to
55 mm, distributed over 11 days.
The day lasts on average 14 hours and 30 minutes. So the days are long.
There are on average 5.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 39% of the time.
The average humidity is 79%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
7.8 kph.
The average sea temperature is of
15.9 °C. Therefore, the sea is cold for swimming.
June is generally a warm month. The average temperature is of
21 °C, with a minimum of
17.6 °C and a maximum of
24.5 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
14 °C. However, it dropped to
11.2 °C in June 1994.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
28.5 °C. However, it reached
35 °C in June 1994.
Precipitation amounts to
50 mm, distributed over 10 days.
The day lasts on average 15 hours and 5 minutes. So the days are long. June 21, the summer solstice, is the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.
There are on average 7 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 45% of the time.
The average humidity is 75%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
8.2 kph.
The average sea temperature is of
21.6 °C. Therefore, the sea is cool for swimming.
July is generally a warm to hot, muggy month. The average temperature is of
24 °C, with a minimum of
20.6 °C and a maximum of
27.5 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
17.5 °C. However, it dropped to
14.5 °C in July 1992.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
29.5 °C. However, it reached
32.1 °C in July 2000.
Precipitation amounts to
35 mm, distributed over 7 days.
The day lasts on average 14 hours and 50 minutes. So the days are long.
There are on average 6 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 39% of the time.
The average humidity is 73%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
8.6 kph.
The average sea temperature is of
25 °C. Therefore, the sea is warm enough for swimming.
August, the warmest month of the year, is generally a warm to hot, muggy month. The average temperature is of
24.6 °C, with a minimum of
21.2 °C and a maximum of
28.1 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
18.5 °C. However, it dropped to
16.6 °C in August 1995.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
30 °C. However, it reached
31.4 °C in August 2010.
Precipitation amounts to
60 mm, distributed over 9 days.
The day lasts on average 13 hours and 40 minutes.
There are on average 5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 37% of the time.
The average humidity is 72%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
8.8 kph.
The average sea temperature is of
26 °C. Therefore, the sea is warm enough for swimming.
September is generally a warm month. The average temperature is of
21.5 °C, with a minimum of
17.8 °C and a maximum of
25.1 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
14.5 °C. However, it dropped to
10.3 °C in September 1992.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
29 °C. However, it reached
38 °C in September 2016.
Precipitation amounts to
85 mm, distributed over 10 days.
The day lasts on average 12 hours and 25 minutes.
There are on average 5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 40% of the time.
The average humidity is 73%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
9.6 kph.
The average sea temperature is of
23.9 °C. Therefore, the sea is warm enough for swimming.
October is generally a very mild month. The average temperature is of
17.6 °C, with a minimum of
14.1 °C and a maximum of
21 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
9.5 °C. However, it dropped to
2 °C in October 1997.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
28 °C. However, it reached
32 °C in October 2003.
Precipitation amounts to
135 mm, distributed over 11 days.
The day lasts on average 11 hours and 5 minutes.
There are on average 4.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 39% of the time.
The average humidity is 74%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
8.8 kph.
The average sea temperature is of
20 °C. Therefore, the sea is very cool for swimming.
November is generally a mild month. The average temperature is of
13 °C, with a minimum of
9.6 °C and a maximum of
16.5 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
5 °C. However, it dropped to
0 °C in November 1992.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
24.5 °C. However, it reached
30 °C in November 2016.
Precipitation amounts to
105 mm, distributed over 9 days.
The day lasts on average 9 hours and 55 minutes.
There are on average 3.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 36% of the time.
The average humidity is 69%.
The average wind speed is of
9 kph.
The average sea temperature is of
15.7 °C. Therefore, the sea is cold for swimming.
December is generally a mild month. The average temperature is of
10 °C, with a minimum of
6.8 °C and a maximum of
13.1 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
1.5 °C. However, it dropped to
-2.3 °C in December 2006.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
22 °C. However, it reached
27 °C in December 2012.
Precipitation amounts to
95 mm, distributed over 11 days.
The day lasts on average 9 hours and 20 minutes. December 21, the winter solstice, is the shortest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.
There are on average 2 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 24% of the time.
The average humidity is 68%.
The average wind speed is of
9.3 kph.
The average sea temperature is of
12.1 °C. Therefore, the sea is very cold for swimming.